Against all odds, and via hits including ‘Poor Things’, ‘The Favourite’ and ‘The Lobster’, the Greek auteur Yorgos Lanthimos has brought his bizarre, berserk eye to mainstream British and American cinema. As his breakthrough film ‘Dogtooth’ is re-released and his new movie ‘Bugonia’ earns raves on the festival circuit, Xan Brooks looks back on his career so far